题一：明清时期的天安门及天安门广场(天安门场城楼;天安门前设施; “T”字形广场;文东武西; 长安左门及长安右门;千步廊;大明门;正阳门) 　　Tiananmen is a symbol of new china and located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1420 and called the gate of heavenly succession. At that time, it was the main entrance to the former imperial city. At the end of ming dynasty, it was seriously damaged in a war. When it was rebuilt in 1651 in the qing dynasty, the name was changed to Tiananmen. 　　During the ming and qing dynasties, Tiananmen was the place where the important state ceremonies for issuing the imperial edict took place, such as the emperor’s enthronement, conferring the honorable title on the empress or the crown prince, dispatching generals on an expedition to the battles. The most famous “imperial edict issued by golden phoenix” was held in the tower.......详细信息

　　题一：明清时期的天安门及天安门广场(天安门场城楼;天安门前设施; “T”字形广场;文东武西; 长安左门及长安右门;千步廊;大明门;正阳门)

　　Tiananmen is a symbol of new china and located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1420 and called the gate of heavenly succession. At that time, it was the main entrance to the former imperial city. At the end of ming dynasty, it was seriously damaged in a war. When it was rebuilt in 1651 in the qing dynasty, the name was changed to Tiananmen.

　　During the ming and qing dynasties, Tiananmen was the place where the important state ceremonies for issuing the imperial edict took place, such as the emperor’s enthronement, conferring the honorable title on the empress or the crown prince, dispatching generals on an expedition to the battles. The most famous “imperial edict issued by golden phoenix” was held in the tower.

　　On the west side of Tiananmen is Zhongshan Park that used to be the Alter of land and grain. On the east side is the working people’s cultural palace that used to be the supreme ancestral temple.

　　In front of Tiananmen rostrum there are five bridges called golden water bridges. According to the historical records, the stone bridges have different names. During the ming and qing dynasties, the middle one was for the emperor only so it was called imperial bridge. The two bridges on each side were used by the royal family members, so they were called royals’ bridges. The two bridges farther out were for the civil and military officials above the 3rd rank, so they were called the ministerial bridges. The remaining two bridges in front of the Zhongshan Park and the working people’s cultural palace were for the officials below the fourth rank, so they were called common bridges.

　　In front of Tiananmen we can see a pair of white marble columns; in Chinese it is called huabiao. Behind the Tiananmen rostrum there is another pair of marble columns. The marble column has different name in different places, at the tomb area it is called “tomb ornamental column”, on the main street it is called “street beacon column”, while the best carved ones in front of the architectural structures are called “ornamental column”. The stone animal squatting on the top of huabiao is called hou. The pair of stone animals facing to the Tiananmen Square was called “expecting the emperor coming back”, another pair of stone animal behind Tiananmen facing to the forbidden city were called “expecting the emperor going out”.

　　Tiananmen Square used to be a T shaped square surrounded by red walls in the ming dynasty. At that time, the offices for the civil officials were on the eastside of the square and the offices for the military officers were on the west.

　　In the Ming dynasty, a gate was built right on the present site of the chairman Mao’s mausoleum and it was called “the gate of great Ming”. Later in the qing dynasty, it was renamed as “the gate of great qing. In 1912, it was called “the gate of china”.

　　During the Ming and qing dynasties, there were two more gates built on changan avenue. The gate on the east was called “the left gate of Changan Avenue” for the scholars who passed the palace examination to walk through, so it was nicknamed the dragon gate. The gate on the west side was called “the right gate of Changan Avenue” for the criminals. At that time, the criminals were sent to pass through this gate after the autumn trial, just like they were brought to the tiger’s mouth, so it was nicknamed the tiger gate.

　　The space between the gate of Tiananmen and the gate of great Ming, and the space between the left gate of Changan Avenue and the right gate of Changan Avenue was in the shape of a “T”. so it was called T shaped square.

　　There used to be the “thousand –step-corridor” on the east and west sides of the square. There were 288 rooms along the corridor, and most of them were warehouses.

　　Zhengyang gate is also known as the front gate; actually it is the south front gate of the inner city. It was one of the 9 city gates in the old city of Beijing and was first built in 1420 in the early ming dynasty, but was rebuilt and renovated several times. In the old days, this gate was a passage of entry and exit reserved for the emperor.

　　The tower in front of the gate is the arrow tower; the gate and the tower were connected by 2 walls on both sides which looked like a jar shape. So it was call jar city, the double-gate system was constructed at the main city gates for better protection of the city. If the enemy broke the tower, the defending solders could move back to the inner city with the gate shut from inside while the enemy was still outside the city.